Neuromyelitis Optica early presentation of an adult disorder
Suresh Chelliah1,*, P. Saravanakumar2, A. Santhosham2, P. Meganathan1, D. Nithya1, D. Senguttuvan
1Department of Pediatrics, Kauvery Hospital, Trichy, Tamilnadu
2Department of Emergency and intensive care, Kauvery Hospital, Trichy, Tamilnadu
*Correspondence: chelliah.suresh@yahoo.in
Abstract
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune disease of the CNS characterized by recurrent inflammatory events primarily involving the optic nerves and spinal cord. NMO is infrequent in children, but early recognition is important to start adequate treatment.
Case presentation: A 10-years-old girl was admitted with complaints of fever for one day at onset of illness, followed by vomiting for 20 days, 10-20 episodes/day, not blood/bile stained, preceded by nausea and hiccoughs. Analysis of progress and imaging, led to the diagnosis of a disorder uncommon in childhood.
Conclusions: When the common causes are ruled out or not conclusive, not so common disorders should be considered.
Keywords: Neuromyelitis optica, Hiccoughs
Background
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune disease of the CNS characterized by recurrent inflammatory events primarily involving the optic nerves and spinal cord. NMO is infrequent in children, but early recognition is important to start adequate treatment [1]. We present a child who presented with non-specific symptoms and hidden clues.
Case Presentation
A 10-years-old girl was admitted with complaints of fever for one day at onset of illness, followed by vomiting for 20 days,10-20 episodes/day, not blood/bile stained, preceeded by nausea and hiccoughs. There was no history of headache, abdominal pain, loose stools or altered sensorium. She was treated for UTI one week before admission with IV antibiotics.On examination, she was drowsy, dehydrated with sinus bradycardia and epigastric tenderness. Systemic examination was otherwise normal. Differentials considered were motility disorder/space occupying lesions.
She was given IV fluids, antiemetic and proton pump inhibitors.
Her blood counts, liver transaminase and renal parameters were normal. Serum electrolytes showed low sodium and potassium. CT brain was normal. Medical gastroenterologist was consulted. Upper GI scopy revealed hiatus hernia. She improved with PPI and prokinetics and was relatively symptom free for two days, but for excessive sleepiness and drowsiness. As she was depressed and very anxious bordering on paranoia, Psychiatrist opinion was sought and acute stress disorder was diagnosed. Anti-anxiety drugs were given.
On day 8 of admission, her symptoms reappeared and in addition also had nystagmus, drooling of saliva, absent deep tendon reflex, ataxia and deterioration in sensorium. With these clinical features and progress, Neuromyelitis optica/GBS with pseudobulbar palsy was considered by the intensivist in ICU who was familiar with disease in adults.
She was electively intubated and connected to mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit. MRI brain with whole spine showed focal lesion without contrast enhancement and with significant diffusion restriction in posterior medulla and in cervicomedullary junction – suggestive of NMO.
CSF analysis for aquaporin antibody was positive, oligoclonal band was negative. Cell count, protein and sugar were normal. Pulse dose methylprednisolone was given for five days and as there was no significant improvement, IVIG (2 g/kg) was given. Oral steroids were continued.
In view of the need for prolonged ventilation tracheostomy was done. Swallowing reflex and deep tendon reflex (ankle) reappeared gradually Ophthalmologist was consulted and optic neuritis was ruled out.
In consultation with paediatric neurologist, she was started on Azathioprine and discharged with NG feeds and tracheostomy tube.
She was readmitted after 25 days, with complaints of cough and fever, and was detected to have neutropenia. She improved with antibiotics and antifungals. Oral feeds were attempted were tolerated well. Steroids and immunomodulators were withheld with a plan to restart after two weeks. On review she is near normal neurologically.
Discussion
Although neuromyelitis optica was previously considered a subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS), the identification of autoimmune antibodies (NMO-immunoglobulin G [IgG]) targeted against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel in the majority of adult patients identified NMO as a different autoimmune disease entity [2].
The high specificity of AQP4-IgG for NMO has allowed the identification of seropositive patients with atypical presentations of the disease, now named NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) [3].
The term NMOSD includes clinical and radiologic syndromes associated with AQP4 seropositivity, such as the following: (a). limited forms of NMO, including single or recurrent LETM and recurrent or simultaneous bilateral optic neuritis (ON); (b) the Asian optic-spinal MS phenotype; (c) ON or myelitis associated with systemic autoimmune diseases; and (d) ON or myelitis associated with brain lesions typical of NMO [3].
Although adults are predominantly affected, NMO/NMOSD has been increasingly recognized in children, who demonstrate a spectrum of disease attacks that often involve CNS areas beyond the optic nerves and spinal cord [2]. In major paediatric case series of NMO and NMOSD, a first clinical event of ON occurred in 50-75% of patients and transverse myelitis in 30-50%, either alone or in combination. A more diffuse involvement of the CNS, including an ADEM-like phenotype, can be observed in approximately 10% of paediatric cases, resulting in a challenging diagnostic situation [1].
Symptoms of brainstem involvement such as prolonged vomiting unresponsive to antiemetics, with or without hiccups, and cranial nerve dysfunction, are frequently described [4].
Diagnostic criteria for NMODS
(A). NMOSD with AQP4-IgG
- Core clinical characteristic
- Positive AQP4-IgG testing using best available method
- Exclusion of alternative diagnoses.
(B). NMOSD without AQP4-IgG or with unknown AQP4-IgG status
(1) $2 core clinical characteristics occurring as a result of $1 clinical attacks and meeting all of the following:
- At least 1 clinical characteristic: Must be optic neuritis, LETM, or area postrema syndrome
- Dissemination in space ($2 different core clinical characteristics)
- Fulfilment of additional MRI requirements.
(2). Negative tests for AQP4-IgG using best available or testing unavailable.
(3). Exclusion of alternative diagnoses.
(C). Core clinical characteristics
- Optic neuritis
- Acute myelitis
- Area postrema syndrome
- Acute brain stem syndrome
- Symptomatic narcolepsy or acute diencephalic syndrome with typical diencephalic MRI lesions
- Symptomatic cerebral syndrome with typical brain lesions.
(D). Additional MRI requirements
(1). Acute optic neuritis
- Brain MRI normal or showing nonspecific white matter lesions
- Optic nerve MRI with T2-hyperintense or T1-weighted gadolinium-enhancing lesion extending over .1/2 optic nerve length or involving optic chiasm.
(2). Acute myelitis Requires intramedullary MRI lesion extending over $3 contiguous segments (LETM) or 3 contiguous segments of spinal cord atrophy in patients with history compatible with acute myelitis.
(3). Area postrema syndrome requires associated dorsal medulla/area postrema lesions.
(4). Acute brainstem syndrome Requires associated peri ependymal brainstem lesions Abbreviations: AQP4 5 aquaporin-4; IgG 5 immunoglobulin G; LETM 5 longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis [5].
Treatment of NMOSD includes the management of acute attacks, prevention of clinical exacerbations, monitoring of treatment-associated adverse events, and decisions regarding switching therapy due to lack of tolerability or treatment failure [6].
Prognosis is guarded as exacerbations are common.
Conclusions
When common causes of a symptom complex are ruled out or when treatment does not give expected relief, uncommon causes of the pattern of presentation needs to be considered. Early detection of NMOSD is essential for initiating treatment and prognostication.
Acknowledgements
All the authors were involved in the diagnosis and management of the child. Suresh Chelliah drafted the manuscript and will act as guarantor for the same.
Competing interests
Authors state no competing interests.
References
- Tenembaum S, Chitnis T, Nakashima I et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in children and adolescents. Neurology 2016;87:S59-66.
- McKeon A, Lennon VA, Lotze T. CNS aquaporin-4 autoimmunity in children. Neurology 2008;71:93-100.
- Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Lucchinetti CF. The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6: 805-15.
- Kremer L, Mealy M, Jacob A. Brainstem manifestations in neuromyelitis optica: a multicenter study of 258 patients. Mult Scler. 2014;20:843-7.
- Wingerchuk D, Banwell B, Bennett JL. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 2015;85:177-89.
- Trebst C, Jarius S, Berthele A. Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica: recommendations of the neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS). J Neurol. 2014;261:1-16.
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- Spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD)
- The bleeding windpipe
- Learning from Experience – Intra Operative, Chapters 23 and 24
- The Consultation Room
- Diagnostic Image
- Recommended Readings
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Physician, Protect thyself
- Foetal Medicine, the Future is here!
- Japanese Encephalitis: A common menace
- Carpometacarpal dislocation with impending compartment syndrome
- Heterotopic pregnancy
- Femoral Trochantric and Proximal Humerus Fracture, from Diagnosis to Rehabilitation
- My Father’s Heart Block
- EPS page
- CRT CSP Cases
- Journal scan
- Learning from Experience – Intra Operative, Chapters 25 and 26
- The Consultation Room
- Recommended Readings
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Multiple Sclerosis: An overview
- A flower born to blush unseen
- Guest Editorial
- Radio-frequency ablation as an effective treatment strategy in a case of VT storm post STEMI
- Lymphatic malformation of tongue
- Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation in epilepsy: A case report and review of literature
- An unusual cause of Stridor
- Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) – the magic bullets: A review of therapeutic applications and its future perspectives
- Write the Talk
- Press release and Comments
- Probability Distribution of Bernoulli Trials
- Journal Scan
- Recommended Readings
- poem-v4i4
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Research
- Research
- Lambda-cyhalothrin and pyrethrin poisoning: A case report
- Good Enough
- The Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): the beginning
- Comprehensive trauma course 2022: Trauma Management & Kauvery
- Comprehensive trauma course 2022: Introduction to Comprehensive trauma course
- Diagnostic Image
- Learning from Experience – Intra Operative, Chapters 27 and 28
- The Consultation Room
- Recommended Readings
- Poem
- Editorial
- The Brave New World of Anaesthesia
- Anesthetic considerations in Wilson’s disease for fess: A case report
- The painful story behind modern anaesthesia
- Anesthesia considerations for Ankyslosing Spondylitis
- Total intravenous anaesthesia: An overview
- Risk stratification for cardiac patients coming for non-cardiac surgeries
- The Anaesthesiologist’s role in fluoroscopic guided epidural steroid injections for low back pain
- Awake Craniotomy
- Malpositioned central venous catheter: Step wise approach to avoid, identify and manage
- Benefits outweighing risk: Neuraxial anaesthesia in a patient with Spina Bifida with operated Meningomyelocele
- Pain free CABG: newer horizon of minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery a walk through anaesthesiologist perspective
- Stellate Ganglion Block: A bridge to cervical sympathectomy in refractory Long QT Syndrome
- Venous Malformation in Upper Airway – Anesthetic Challenges and Management: A Case Report
- Editorial
- USG guided peripheral nerve block in surgery for hernia
- Anaesthesia and morbid obesity: A systematic review
- Patient-Controlled Analgesia
- Parapharyngeal abscess of face and neck: Anesthetic management
- 3D TEE, a boon for the diagnosis of Left Atrial Appendage thrombus!
- Anaesthetic management of difficult airway due to retropharyngeal abscess and cervical spondylosis
- Expect the unexpected – Breach in continuous nerve block catheter
- Lignocaine nasal spray: An easy remedy for Post Dural Puncture Headache
- Potassium permanganate poisoning and airway oedema
- Angioedema following anti-snake venom administration
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Ra Fx ablation of Atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia
- Pace and Ablate Strategy: Conduction system pacing with AV junction ablation for drug refractory atrial arrhythmia – A novel approach
- Why Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) For complete heart block? A case discussion
- Pacemakers and Bradyarrhythmias in Diabetic Mellitus
- Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty in patients aged 70 years and above
- An approach to CBC for practitioners
- Acute cerebral sinus venous thrombosis with different presentations and different outcomes: A case series
- Diet and nutritional care for DDLT: A case study
- Vaccine for Dengue (Dengvaxia CYD-TDV)
- Diagnostic Image
- Learning from Experience – Intra Operative, Chapters 31 and 32
- Recommended Readings
- காவிரித்தாய்
- ATLAS OF HAEMATOLOGY AND HEMATOONCOLOGY
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Case reports and Case series:
- Usefulness of NEWS 2 score in monitoring patients with cytokine storm of COVID-19 pneumonia
- Treatment approach for extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB)
- Modified Lichtenstein mesh repair, for a patient of Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Failure and with Implanted Cardioverter- Defibrillator
- Fever-induced Brugada Syndrome
- Pulmonary Thrombo Embolism: When to Thrombolyse?
- Ultra-Short Case Report
- Learning from the failure of Nebacumab
- Journal scan
- Learning From Experience Intra Operative Chapters 29 and 30
- Recommended Readings
- Poem
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Heart transplantation: Life beyond the end of life
- Azithromycin to Prevent Sepsis or Death in Women Planning a Vaginal
- Medial retropharyngeal nodal region sparing radiotherapy versus standard radiotherapy
- Proximie: Patient safety in surgery – the urgent need for reform
- Analysis of femoral neck fracture in octogenarians and its management
- Adult Immunisation in Clinical Practice: A Neglected Life Saver
- “Icing” The Eyes
- Doppler vascular mapping in Arterio Venous Fistula (AVF)
- Cosmesis and cure: Radiotherapy in basal cell carcinoma of the dorsum of nose – A case report
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Portal Hypertension
- Comprehensive review of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity
- Statistics – Data Collection – Case Study Method
- Atlas of Haematology and Hematooncology
- PRE-OPERATIVE Chapters 1 and 2 – Learning from Experience
- Chapter 2. Uncertainties in medicine in spite of advances
- No Splendid Child
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- A Young Girl Lost in the Storm
- ECMO as a bridge to Transplant: A case report
- Renal anemia – from bench to bedside
- Mission Possible
- New kids on the block – Update on diabetic nephropathy therapy
- Infections – Trade off in Transplants
- To Give Or Not to Give – Primer on Bicarbonate Therapy
- Sialendoscopy: Shifting paradigms in treatment of salivary gland disease
- Gait imbalance in a senior due to Chronic Immune Sensory Polyneuropathy (CISP)
- Statistics – Mcnemar Test
- Atlas Of Haematology And Hematooncology
- PRE-OPERATIVE Chapters 3 and 4 – Learning from Experience
- Changing trends a challenge to the already trained
- Journal scan
- Recommended Readings
- EDITORIAL
- EDITORIAL BOARD
- PREGNANCY POST-RENAL TRANSPLANT
- BALLOON-OCCLUDED RETROGRADE TRANSVENOUS OBLITERATION
- REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY FOR ROTATOR CUFF ARTHROPATHY
- THE AMBUSH A TEAM APPROACH
- ENDOSCOPIC TRANS-SPHENOID APPROACH FOR PITUITARY ADENOMA EXCISION
- A STUDY ON PRESENTATION AND OUTCOME OF BULL GORE INJURIES IN A GROUP OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS
- A CASE OF INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPARESIS AS THE FIRST MANIFESTATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
- GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGITIS AND LUNG INVOLVMENT (WEGENER’S DISEASE)
- RITUXIMAB (RITUXAN, MABTHERA) IN THE TREATMENT OF B-CELL NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
- STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
- Atlas Of Haematology And Hematooncology
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 5 AND 6 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- Chapter 4: Diagnostic process often reversed
- Journal scan: A review of 25 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- Recommended Readings
- ஆரோக்கியம் நம் கையில்
- வெற்றியின் பாதை
- Editorial
- Editorial Board
- Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a multi-speciality hospital orthopaedic outpatient clinic
- Esomeprazole induced Hypoglycemia
- Dynamic external fixator for unstable intra articular fractures of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP): “Suzuki” frame
- How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? A Practical Guide, Springer Nature, 2022
- WINTNCON 2022 – Scientific Program
- Pulmonary Thrombo Embolism: A state of the art review
- Role of Artificial Intelligence in improving EHR/EMR and Medical Coding and billing
- Monoclonal Antibodies: Edrecolomab and Abciximab
- Atlas of haematology and hematooncology
- Journal scan
- Learning from Experience – Intra Operative, Chapters 31 and 32
- What doctors must learn: Doctor, look beyond science
- Recommended Readings
- I Whisper Secrets In My Ear
- EDITORIAL
- Instructions for Authors
- Mismatched Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation in a 10-year-old boy with relapsed refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia, at Trichy
- ST-Segment Elevation is not always Myocardial Infarction
- Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease, repaired, evolves into a Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease and presents with an atrial tachycardia
- Family medicine – caring for you for the whole of your life. A Lost and Found Art
- The Principles and Practice of Family Medicine
- Complete Heart Block
- Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)
- The First Ever National Award Comes to Kauvery Hospital Chennai & Heart City for Safety and Workforce Category in IMC RBNQA Milestone Merits Recognition 2022
- Diagnostic Image
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 7 AND 7 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- Chapter 5: Super-specialist – boon or bane
- Journal scan: A review of 42 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- RECOMMENDED READINGS
- நேரம் ஒதுக்கு
- மருத்துவரின் மகத்துவம்
- EDITORIAL
- Instructions for Authors
- Surgical Management of Covid-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral-Mucormycosis (Ca-Rocm) – A Single Centre Experience
- Knee Joint Preservation Surgeries
- Guest Editorial Comments
- Ventricular Septal (VSR) closure with ASD device
- Newer Calcium Debulking Angioplasty technique of Orbital Atherectomy
- An hour-long CPR to restart the heart
- VT or SVT with aberrancy?
- Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor (PitNET)
- VSD Device Closure
- PDA Device Closure
- Iron Deficiency Anemia, Post MVR
- Torsades de Pointes
- Quality improvement project to Reducing the Malnutrition Rate of ICU patients from 43% to 20%
- Long term use of Amiodarone in Cardiac patients: A Clinical Audit
- Statistical Independent Events and Probability
- PERI-OPERATIVE Chapters 9 and 10 – Learning from Experience
- Journal scan: A review of 40 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- EDITORIAL
- Kauverian Medical Journal
- First da Vinci Robotic Surgery in Carcinoma Prostate: A Case Report
- Black burden or Taylor the saviour: A case report
- Analysis of differences in Oncology practice between the United Kingdom and India
- A Case of Takayasu Arteritis
- Idiopathic Dilated Pulmonary Artery (IDPA)
- ECG Atlas
- Unusual cause of Dysphagia: A case report
- Tu Youyou: The scientist who discovered artemisinin
- Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) on Risk assessment tools, to assess vulnerable patients at Kauvery Hospital, Tennur
- DIAGNOSTIC IMAGE
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 11 AND 12 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- OLD AND NEW – MAKE THE BEST OF THE TWO
- Journal scan: A review of 30 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- Recommended Readings
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS
- A pregnant patient with DKA, septic shock and a lactate mystery
- Radical Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis through Partial Sternotomy approach: A report on three patients
- In-utero blood transfusion in two etiologically distinct anaemic fetus
- RARE CAUSE OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
- Acute Rheumatic fever is still an enigma
- A remarkable journey: Managing LQTS in a 43-year-old female with recurrent syncope and seizure
- An unusual case of Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Reversible cause of severe LV Dysfunction in Left Bundle Branch Block
- A case study on Rhino-Orbital-Cerebro- Mucormycosis
- Snakebite and its management
- Total Elbow arthroplasty in Post Traumatic arthritis
- Wellens Syndrome: An ECG finding not to miss!
- Dr. C.R. Rao Wins Top Statistics Award a look back at his pioneering work
- PRE-OPERATIVE Chapters 13 and 14 – Learning from Experience
- Chapter 7. Doctor-patient relationship
- Journal scan: A review of 30 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS
- FROZEN ELEPHANT TRUNK (FET) PROCEDURE IN A 52 YEARS OLD CHRONIC AORTIC DISSECTION PATIENT
- DIAGNOSING AND MANAGING EISENMENGER SYNDROME IN A YOUNG MALE
- STEMI EQUIVALENT BUT STEMI!
- TEMPORARY HEAL CAN POSSIBLY KILL!
- UNDERSTANDING PUBERTY
- THE IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS IN HEALTHCARE
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 44 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- DIAGNOSTIC IMAGE
- PRE-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 15 AND 16 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 8. DOCTOR-DOCTOR RELATIONSHIP
- EDITORIAL
- GUEST EDITORIAL
- CLINICAL AUDIT: AN INTRODUCTION
- YOUNG ACS AUDIT
- CLINICAL AUDIT: ANAESTHESIA
- CLINICAL OUTCOME IN ICU PATIENTS
- RATE OF MALIGNANCY IN INDETERMINATE OVARIAN CYST – A PROCESS AUDIT
- PATTERNS OF NEEDLE DISPOSAL AMONG INSULIN USING PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: AN AUDIT
- CONTINUOUS PATIENT MONITORING – LIFE SIGNS
- AGE IS JUST A NUMBER!
- SVT WITH LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK FOLLOWING GASTRECTOMY
- COMPLEX AORTIC DISSECTION WITH MULTIFACETED CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS
- EDITORIAL
- POST-OPERATIVE SORE THROAT IN GA: A CONCERN
- NEONATAL HLH: OUR EXPERIENCE
- CLINICAL REVIEW MEET 16TH NOV 2023: CHALLENGES IN SETTING UP A NEW HSCT CENTRE IN A TIER-2 CITY IN INDIA
- CARDIAC BIOMARKERS: CLINICAL UTILITY
- HIRAYAMA DISEASE: A CLINICAL-RADIOLOGICAL REVIEW
- ECG AS A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY: FOR HYPERKALEMIA
- EFFECTIVENESS OF ROOD’S APPROACH BASED PAEDIATRIC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT: ON CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL MUSCULAR TORTICOLLIS
- ELTROMBOPAG, A NOVEL THROMBOPOIETIN (TPO) RECEPTOR AGONIST: AN OVERVIEW
- HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA
- SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND SIALADENITIS SECONDARY TO SUBMANDIBULAR CALCULUS
- LEAN HOSPITALS
- STATISTICS BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL
- PERI-OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 17 AND 18 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 9. BUILDING BLOCKS OF PATIENT CARE
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 30 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
- ROTATHON-SERIES OF SUCCESSFUL ROTA CASES LAST 2 MONTHS: AN AUDIT
- OUTCOMES OF AKI AUDIT IN KAUVERY
- ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN KAUVERY CANTONMENT HOSPITAL (KCN), TRICHY
- USE OF BLOOD PRODUCTS AND STEROIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE AT KAUVERY TRICHY HOSPITALS: A CLINICAL AUDIT
- A CLINICAL AUDIT: ON THE MANAGEMENT OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
- DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS WITH HIGH ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- HYPOKALEMIC PARALYSIS FROM DISTAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS (TYPE-1)
- DELAYED PRESENTATION OF INTERMEDIATE SYNDROME IN A PATIENT WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING: A CASE REPORT
- SCAPULA FRACTURES: DO WE NEED TO FIX THEM?
- SPONTANEOUS CSF RHINORRHEA
- DANCING WITH DIABETES: AN UNUSUAL CASE OF CHOREA HYPERGLYCEMIA BASAL GANGLIA SYNDROME
- CONVALESCENT RASH OF DENGUE
- ECG ATLAS 2
- MI MIMICKER
- PERFORATION PERITONITIS-A CASE REPORT
- APPLICATION OF EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE CARE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY WITH FUNCTIONAL DIFFICULTIES: ROLE OF THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE GUIDELINES
- METHOTREXATE INDUCED MUCOSITIS AND PANCYTOPENIA: A CONSEQUENCE OF MEDICATION ERROR IN A PSORIASIS PATIENT
- POST OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 1 AND 2 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 10. NURTURING SELF
- விடாமுயற்சி வெற்றி தரும்
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 26 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- EDITORIAL
- EDITORIAL BOARD
- LIMB SALVAGE IN EXTREMITY VASCULAR TRAUMA: OUR EXPERIENCE
- MANAGEMENT OF URETHRAL CATHETER RELATED PAIN IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A CLINICAL AUDIT
- NO PAIN VEIN GAIN WITH PRILOX IN PAEDIATRIC POPULATION
- GUIDELINE-DIRECTED MEDICAL TREATMENT (GDMT) OF HEART FAILURE AT KAUVERY HOSPITALS: A CLINICAL AUDIT
- PATIENTS STORY: DIGNITY MATTERS
- PATIENTS STORY: DIGNITY MATTERS
- VIDEO PRESENTATION- CT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
- DRUG INDUCED HYPERKALEMIA
- ADULT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
- EXPLORING COMPLEX CARDIAC CASES: INSIGHTS FROM DIVERSE PRESENTATIONS IN MID-AGED WOMEN
- EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVITY CONFIGURATION APPROACH BASED OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION FOR CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL MUSCULAR TORTICOLLIS: A CASE STUDY
- CARDIOMYOPATHY AND ITS ECHO FINDINGS
- THE STRESS TEST ON THE TREADMILL
- POST OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 3 AND 4 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 11. BALANCE IN LIFE BEYOND BANK BALANCES
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 30 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- காணும் பொங்கலும் மனித மன மாற்றமும்
- EDITORIAL
- INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
- PREVALENCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPES IN AND AROUND TRICHY AND ITS CLINICAL RELEVANCE
- ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF A PATIENT WITH HUGE GOITER: A CASE REPORT
- EUGLYCEMIC DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS A RARE CAUSE FOR DELAYED EXTUBATION
- SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY IN ASD PATIENT – COMPLICATED BY SEVERE PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
- ENDOCRINE COMPLICATION OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETING TUMOR: A CASE REPORT
- EFFICACY OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES OF PAEDIATRIC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ON ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS: A CASE REPORT
- POST OPERATIVE CHAPTERS 5 AND 6 – LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
- CHAPTER 12. MILES TO GO – BEFORE TEACHING BECOMES LEARNING
- JOURNAL SCAN: A REVIEW OF 26 RECENT PAPERS OF IMMEDIATE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HARVESTED FROM MAJOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS
- காவேரி – 25
- POEM – மண்ணில் பிறந்தது சாதிப்பதற்குத்தான்
- EDITORIAL
- EDITORIAL BOARD
- Audit Appraisal: An overview
- Intra Ventricular antibiotics: Our experience
- Transfusion Reactions: A clinical audit
- Postoperative pain management
- Rising concerns of Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the options available: An overview
- Ultrashort case report on VF storm in immediate Post CABG Period—‘Angry Purkinje Syndrome’
- Lynch syndrome, diagnostic challenges and management: A case report
- Bilateral posterior shoulder fracture – dislocation due to seizure, an uncommon injury: A case report
- Navigating amlodipine overdose: A multi-disciplinary approach in a 23 year old female
- Exploring the interplay between sleep patterns and behavioural characteristics in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- POST OPERATIVE Chapters 7 and 8 – Learning from Experience
- Chapter 13. Art of communication and counselling
- Journal scan: A review of 20 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- மருத்துவமனையின் தேவதையே
- மருத்துவ சிந்தனை விருந்து
- Editorial
- Instructions for Authors
- Cardiac surgery in an octogenarian Indian population
- Mycotic Aortoiliac Aneurysm: A case series
- The Scorpion Block—A Sting operation
- Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A case report
- Infective endocarditis in adult congenital heart disease: A case report
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A case report
- Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT): A case report
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Dengue
- A prospective observational study on the prescription of Guideline Directed Medical Treatment (GDMT) for Heart Failure at Kauvery Heart City
- Guideline-Directed Medical Treatment (GDMT) of Heart Failure at Kauvery Hospitals: A clinical audit
- POST OPERATIVE Chapters 9 and 10 – Learning from Experience
- Chapter 14. How to keep updated in busy medical practice?
- Journal scan: A review of 15 recent papers of immediate clinical significance, harvested from major international journals
- சிந்தனையே சிறப்பு
- தோல்வியே வெற்றியின் பாதை
- Editorial
- Results of Mechanical Thrombectomy in acute stroke: A case study in a Tier 2 city in India
- A clinical audit—cost effective way of managing superficial chest wound infections post sternotomy
- Dental implants: Our experience and expertise
- A non-randomized retrospective study on the management of pediatric septic arthritis
- Analysis of femoral neck fracture in octogenarians and its management
- Airway management of a huge thyroid: A case report
- Cardiac Arrhythmias in the ER setting
- Effectiveness of tactile-spatial oriented approach based paediatric occupational therapy intervention for children with Infantile Hemiplegia
- Corporate citizenship in healthcare: Nurturing social responsibility
- Guillain-Barré syndrome: A case report
- POST OPERATIVE Chapters 11 and 12 – Learning from Experience
- Chapter 15. How to be rational in practice?
- Journal scan: Elsevier’s Medicine, Current Issue, Volume 52 Issue 6, June 2024, Seminar on Poisoning
- Recommended Readings
- இயற்கை சொல்லும் செய்தி
- Editorial
- Instructions for Authors
- A rare organism causing septic arthritis of hip joint
- ICD implant in 6 year old with Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (JLN) syndrome
- A clinical audit on Bariatric/Metabolic surgery
- Clinical audit on Nil per Oral (NPO)
- A non-randomized clinical study on heat stroke
- Stress cardiomyopathy with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in Eclampsia
- Intro-Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS): An ultra-short case report
- A 2 am Tamponade: Critical call to action
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, and in combination with JAK inhibitors: The modelling for the future
- Optimizing the patient journey in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—Patient and clinician perspectives: Summary of CME from Medscape
- ER Intervention
- Diagnostic Images/Videos
- A randomized controlled trial: Different types of blinding
- Journal scan – June
- Journal scan – July
- Post-Operative Chapters 13, 14
- Chapter 16. How to enjoy medical practice?
- Driving business growth with 5S and lean strategies: A transformative session for corporations in the Trichy region
- Poem: 25 – வருடங்களாக காவேரி
- Editorial
- A Data Audit: Tool for Good Clinical Practice
- Ortho rehab audit at Kauvery Hospital, Trichy
- Endovascular Thrombectomy in young patient with a stroke – surgical procedure decompressive craniotomy
- Secondary HLH (Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis): An ultra-short case report
- Prone ventilation: A case series
- Dermatologic Emergencies: A case series
- Managing DKA at the ER
- Podcast – Managing DKA at the ER
- Insertion of tunneled hemodialysis catheter through the collateral vein adjacent to the thrombosed right jugular vein.
- Access failure with dysfunctional tunnelled haemodialysis catheter in the presence of exit-site infection
- Video – A multidisciplinary approach to preventing sudden cardiac death
- Dasatinib in pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An overview
- Dyslipidemia management: Indian perspective
- Pharmacological stress testing: Assessing heart health without exercise
- Journal scan: A review of 15 Ethics with clinical significance, harvested from a major international journal
- Post-Operative Chapters 15 and 16
- Chapter 17. How to find time for the family
- Poem – உனக்காக நீ
- Editorial
- An audit: A silent disease-Osteoporosis
- An approach to antibiotic therapy: A primer for all specialties
- Audit on pediatric Cholesteatoma
- Clinical audit: ER to ICU transit time
- A case report on Multiple myeloma: Value of pre and post-treatment MRI
- Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in 3 year old with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Infective endocarditis: A case series
- A Retrospective observational study on Scrub typhus paediatric population in Kauvery Hospitals, Trichy
- Clinical Pharmacy Approach: To a patient on multiple anticonvulsants for “Difficult to control’’ seizure disorder
- An analysis of the Urea to Creatinine Ratio (UCR) in different cardiac surgeries
- Journal scan – 1
- Journal Scan – 2
- Post-Operative Chapters 17 and 18
- Chapter 18. How to be legally safe in medical practice?
- Poem – காவேரியின் மாரத்தான்
- Poem – ஆரோக்கியம் என்னுடையது
- Editorial
- Clinical audit on antibiogram
- Renal transplantation in marrow dysfunction: A case series
- Empowering lifesavers: Impact of BLS and PALS training for PICU and critical care nurses
- Myotonia congenita: A case series
- Utilization of Inj. Sovateltide: A novel injectable formulation
- Retroperitoneal sarcoma: A report of two cases
- Traumatic simultaneous bilateral femur and tibia shaft fracture in an 8-year-old male child: An unusual case report
- Echocardiography in the assessment of shock
- Plasma combats angioedema: A case report
- A case report and video presentation on a 9-year-old boy who underwent PAPVC
- Interventional Radiology: Large gastric varices
- Interventional Radiology: A case of active PV bleeding post-D and C day 12
- Diagnostic Images: Exencephaly
- A short case report on Hyperdontia (extra teeth)
- Post-Operative Chapters 19 and 20
- Chapter 19. How to deal with incurable disease?
- CII CFO Excellence award: A recognition of exceptional leadership
- Journal scan
- Poem – மறுக்காதே மறவாதே
- Extraordinary Edition of the Kauverian