Colorectal cancer, which occurs in the colon and rectum, is the third most diagnosed cancer globally and one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality. Yet, through early detection and active preventive intervention, it is extremely treatable and even curable in many cases.
Understanding Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer usually originates as benign polyps in the colon or rectum. Some of them, over the years, transform into cancer. The cause of it is usually not known with certainty, although genetics, dietary habits, way of life, and age do play a part in its evolution. People older than 50 years, patients with a known family history of colorectal cancer, and people with inflammatory diseases of the intestine, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, have a greater predisposition.
Symptoms and Warning Signs
Another difficulty with colorectal cancer is that it may not be associated with any symptoms until it has advanced. Yet, some warning signs are:
- Changes in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhoea, or tightened-up stools)
- Stool or rectal bleeding (bloodstained stools)
- Frequent abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Weakness or fatigue
Although it is possible to attribute these signs to other diseases, seeing a doctor must be a priority if they occur persistently or if they persist for more than two weeks.
Importance of Screening
Colon cancer can be detected at a very early stage through screening. The American Cancer Society advises starting routine screening for colorectal cancer at the age of 45. A variety of different screening procedures exist, which include:
- Colonoscopy: The most detailed examination, enabling physicians to diagnose and remove polyps before they develop into cancer.
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) or Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): Identifies occult blood in the stool.
- CT Virtual Colonoscopy – Involves a CT scan of colon.
Screening for early detection can dramatically enhance survival rates and lessen the severity of treatment.
Prevention Strategies
While colorectal cancer cannot always be avoided, a healthy lifestyle can lower the risk:
- Eat a Healthy Diet: Consume a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein and low in red and processed meats.
- Be Physically Active: Regular exercise helps with a healthy weight and lowers cancer risk.
- Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Both are associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
- Understand Your Family History: Learning about your hereditary risk will help you protect your health through screening and prevention strategies.
Spreading Awareness and Encouraging Action
Prioritize your health by scheduling a screening test, making knowledgeable lifestyle decisions, and spreading awareness to family and friends. By taking steps in advance, and acknowledging the significance of early detection, we can minimize the effects of colorectal cancer and save lives. Take the initiative — get a screening scheduled, spread awareness, and aid the fight against colorectal cancer.
Dr. Suresh Kumar B
Consultant Medical Oncologist,
Kauvery Hospital, Chennai
