Premenstrual Syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome refers to the physical, emotional and behavioural symptoms that occur in the days before your menstrual period.

– Usually improves once bleeding starts
– Common among women of reproductive age

Causes

• Hormonal changes – estrogen and progesterone
• Chemical changes in the brain – serotonin imbalance
• Lifestyle factors – stress, poor diet and lack of exercise

Common Symptoms

Physical Symptoms:

• Bloating
• Breast tenderness
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Weight gain
• Muscle/joint pain

Emotional Symptoms:

• Irritability or mood swings
• Anxiety
• Crying spells
• Trouble concentrating
• Changes in sleep or appetite

How to Diagnose PMS?

• There is no single test for PMS
• Keep a symptom diary for 2-3 days
• Rule out other medical conditions

A Few Tips to Manage PMS

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains
• Reduce salt, sugar, caffeine and alcohol
• Exercise regularly
• Get enough sleep
• Manage stress through yoga and meditation
• Pain relief with paracetamol in case of cramps and headaches
• Supplements such as calcium, magnesium and vitamin B6 may help
• If symptoms are severe, consult your gynaecologist for medical treatments

When to See a Doctor

• If symptoms interfere with daily life or work
• If you have a severe form of PMS
• If you notice new or worsening emotional symptoms

Dr. Shruthi Sreedhar
Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist,
Kauvery Hospital, Chennai