Ocular melanoma is a type of cancer that develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the colour of the eyes and skin. This cancer occurs in the middle layer of the eye (uvea) or the conjunctiva (a thin, transparent membrane covering the front of the eye and the inside of the eyelids). Since these melanomas develop in areas of the eye that are not visible in the mirror, they can be difficult to detect and often do not cause noticeable signs or symptoms.
Ocular melanomas account for approximately 3%–5% of all melanomas. About 85% of ocular melanomas occur in the uvea, with 5% affecting the iris and the remainder arising from the choroid and ciliary body. Approximately 10% of ocular melanomas occur in the conjunctiva. The median age of diagnosis is 62 years, with the highest number of cases occurring between 70–79 years.
This is the most common type of ocular melanoma and occurs in the uvea, which has three main parts:
A rare type of ocular melanoma that appears as a pigmented spot on the eye’s outer surface. It can sometimes be mistaken for a benign freckle or mole, making early diagnosis crucial.
According to ophthalmologists, ocular melanomas are often asymptomatic in the early stages and may only be detected during a routine eye exam. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
Many patients are asymptomatic, and ocular melanoma is often discovered during a routine eye exam. Symptoms vary depending on tumour location:
The choice of treatment depends on tumour size and location:
Adjusting to partial or complete vision loss can be challenging. Enucleation patients may struggle with depth perception and spatial awareness. Emotional and physical adaptation takes time, and support from therapists, social workers, and loved ones can be invaluable.
Ocular melanoma arises from abnormal melanocyte growth, primarily in the choroid or ciliary body. Due to its asymptomatic nature, routine eye exams are crucial for early detection. Prognosis depends on tumour characteristics and genetic factors. Preventive measures, including sun protection and regular monitoring, can help reduce risks. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, patients can manage the disease effectively.
If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of ocular melanoma or need specialized eye care, expert consultation and advanced treatment are available at Kauvery Hospital. With branches in Chennai, Hosur, Salem, Tirunelveli, and Trichy, our experienced ophthalmologists and cancer care teams are dedicated to providing comprehensive, compassionate care for your eye health.
Ocular melanoma is a rare type of eye cancer that begins in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the eye. It often develops in the uvea or conjunctiva and may not cause early symptoms, which is why routine eye exams are essential for detection.
Many people don’t notice symptoms at first, but signs may include blurred or distorted vision, dark spots on the iris, flashes of light, or changes in pupil shape. If you experience these, consult an eye specialist immediately.
Ocular melanoma is diagnosed using eye imaging tests like ultrasound, fundus photography, and OCT scans. Sometimes, MRI or genetic testing helps assess tumour type and spread. Regular eye checkups can help detect it early.
Treatment depends on tumour size and location. Options include radiation (plaque brachytherapy), surgery, laser therapy, or immunotherapy. In advanced cases, targeted therapies can help control cancer growth and preserve vision.
While it can’t always be prevented, wearing UV-protective sunglasses, avoiding tanning beds, and getting regular eye exams can reduce your risk. Early detection greatly improves treatment success.
With timely diagnosis and treatment, many patients live healthy lives. The outcome depends on tumour size, location, and genetics. Regular follow-ups and a strong support system play a key role in recovery.
Kauvery Hospital is globally known for its multidisciplinary services at all its Centers of Excellence, and for its comprehensive, Avant-Grade technology, especially in diagnostics and remedial care in heart diseases, transplantation, vascular and neurosciences medicine. Located in the heart of Trichy (Tennur, Royal Road and Alexandria Road (Cantonment), Chennai (Alwarpet, Radial Road & Vadapalani), Hosur, Salem, Tirunelveli and Bengaluru, the hospital also renders adult and paediatric trauma care.
Chennai Alwarpet – 044 4000 6000 • Chennai Radial Road – 044 6111 6111 • Chennai Vadapalani – 044 4000 6000 • Trichy – Cantonment – 0431 4077777 • Trichy – Heartcity – 0431 4003500 • Trichy – Tennur – 0431 4022555 • Hosur – 04344 272727 • Salem – 0427 2677777 • Tirunelveli – 0462 4006000 • Bengaluru – 080 6801 6801
