Head & Neck Cancer Awareness – Spot the Signs Early, Save Lives

Introduction

Did you know that head and neck cancers are among the top ten most common cancers in India? Sadly, many people seek medical attention only after the disease has advanced, making treatment more challenging. The good news is that these cancers are often preventable, and highly treatable if detected early.

August was World Cancer Support Month – a month dedicated to raising awareness, encouraging prevention, and reminding everyone that vigilance can save lives. As an ENT & head-neck surgeon at Kauvery Hospital, Alwarpet, I would like to share some vital information that could help protect you and your loved ones.

What Are Head & Neck Cancers?

Head and neck cancers usually arise in the:

• Mouth and tongue
• Throat (pharynx)
• Voice box (larynx)
• Nose and sinuses
• Salivary glands

These cancers can significantly affect everyday functions such as speaking, swallowing and breathing, and appearance. But if diagnosed early, treatment is often simpler and outcomes are excellent.

What about the thyroid gland?

Although the thyroid is located in the neck, thyroid cancers are considered separate from head and neck cancers, because their causes, prevention, and treatment differ. However, it is worth noting that head-neck surgeons are fully trained and qualified to perform thyroid surgeries.

Major Risk Factors

Most cases of head and neck cancer are linked to preventable habits and exposures. The main risk factors include:

• Tobacco use – smoking or chewing
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Betel nut (paan) chewing, common in India
• Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, increasingly seen in younger adults
• Poor oral hygiene and chronic irritation (sharp teeth, ill-fitting dentures)
• Occupational exposures – such as wood dust, asbestos, and certain chemicals

Being aware of these risks is the first step toward prevention.

Early Warning Signs – Do Not Ignore

In the early stages, symptoms may appear minor or be mistaken for common problems. But persistence is a red flag. Watch out for:

• A non-healing ulcer or sore in the mouth (lasting more than 3 weeks)
• Persistent sore throat or hoarseness in voice
• Difficulty or pain in swallowing
• Unexplained lump or swelling in the neck
• Unexplained ear pain or repeated nosebleeds
• Red or white patches inside the mouth

If you notice any of these warning signs, consult an ENT specialist promptly. Early evaluation can mean the difference between a simple treatment and a life-threatening disease.

Prevention Is the Best Cure

The most powerful weapon against head and neck cancer is prevention. Some simple but effective steps include:

• Quit tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut completely
• Maintain good oral hygiene and have regular dental check-ups
• Ensure HPV vaccination for adolescents and young adults
• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
• Schedule ENT screenings if you are in a high-risk group

The Role of Early Detection and Treatment

Early detection not only improves survival but also preserves vital functions like speech and swallowing. At Kauvery Hospital, Alwarpet, we believe in a multidisciplinary approach — head & neck surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, speech therapists, and nutritionists work together to provide comprehensive care.

Current treatment options include:

• Minimally invasive surgeries using endoscopes and lasers
• Reconstructive surgery to restore form and function
• Radiotherapy and chemotherapy, tailored to each patient’s stage of disease
• Voice and swallowing rehabilitation for long-term quality of life

Conclusion – Awareness Saves Lives

Head and neck cancers are preventable, treatable, and beatable — but only if we stay alert. Recognizing symptoms early, seeking timely care, and making healthier lifestyle choices can save countless lives.

Let us spread the message far and wide: Spot the signs early, save lives.

Dr. Kingston S
Associate Consultant ENT & Head-Neck Surgeon,
Kauvery Hospital, Chennai