November is observed globally as Lung Cancer Awareness Month, a time to unite patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals in the fight against one of the most common and deadly cancers. Lung cancer accounts for nearly one in five cancer deaths worldwide, yet it is also among the most preventable and treatable when detected early.
The Changing Face of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is not a disease that affects only smokers anymore. While smoking remains the single most important cause, nearly 20–25% of lung cancers occur in people who have never smoked. In India, additional factors such as air pollution, exposure to biomass fuel smoke (from traditional cooking), occupational hazards like asbestos and diesel fumes, and genetic predisposition play a major role.
The disease usually develops silently. Early-stage lung cancer may cause vague symptoms—a persistent cough, mild chest pain, tiredness, or shortness of breath—that are often ignored or attributed to ageing, asthma, or infection. This leads to diagnosis at late stages, when treatment options are limited.
Early Detection Saves Lives
The greatest opportunity to change outcomes lies in early detection. Studies show that low-dose CT (LDCT) screening in high-risk individuals—especially those above 50 years with a history of smoking—can reduce mortality by detecting tumours when they are small and curable. Unfortunately, screening awareness is still low in India. As healthcare professionals, we must encourage at-risk individuals to discuss screening options.
Advances in Treatment – A New Era of Hope
The last decade has revolutionised lung cancer treatment. The discovery of driver mutations (like EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET, KRAS, and others) has led to targeted therapies that act specifically against cancer cells, sparing normal tissues. Additionally, immunotherapy—which boosts the body’s own immune system to fight cancer—has dramatically improved survival in advanced cases. We combine advanced diagnostics, precision oncology, and supportive care to enhance both survival and quality of life.
Prevention and Lifestyle
The good news is that lung cancer is largely preventable. Avoiding all forms of tobacco—including cigarettes, bidis, e-cigarettes and passive smoke—is the most powerful step. Maintaining clean indoor air, using chimneys or exhaust fans while cooking, and minimising exposure to environmental pollution also help. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and periodic health check-ups can go a long way in protecting lung health.
This Lung Cancer Awareness Month, let’s pledge to:
- Educate others about the warning signs.
- Encourage screening in high-risk individuals.
- Support patients and caregivers with empathy.
- Advocate for cleaner air and tobacco control.
Dr. Suresh Kumar B
Medical Oncologist,
Kauvery Hospital, Chennai
